The reason for the usage of base-36 for this becomes evident once observed like so, with the green top lines being the base-36 equivalents of the decimal numbers in the white bottom lines:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
However, as Zero has no use for the numbers 1 through 9, nor any number past Z, the usage of hexatridecimal in the Nonary Game can be reduced to only the part concerning the alphabet:
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Now, imagine you had 8 fingers per hand instead, with the additional fingers located past your thumb. Do the same as before, and simply imagine lowering the 6 extra fingers, then once again reverse this process.
Written and pronounced in decimal, you would have hit 16 (sixteen) when your hands closed, and 32 (thirty-two) when they were open again. However, the hexadecimal representation of the numbers you counted to would be 10 (tex) when your hands closed and 20 (twentex) when they were open again.
Additionally, during the second exercise, the point at which you counted your 15th (fifteenth) finger was the point at which you would count your Fth (fimth) finger in hexadecimal.
This is because there are, of course, only 10 Arabic numerals (from 0 to 9). Thus, to represent single-digit numerals past 9, hexadecimal uses letters A through F of the Latin alphabet, like so:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
As for safe codes using hexadecimal, only having access to letters A through F is rather limiting when it comes to spelling out words. But theworkaround is quite obvious, isn't it?
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z